In water treatment, what does the term 'disinfection' refer to?

The term 'disinfection' in water treatment specifically refers to the process of killing harmful microorganisms in water. This is a critical step in ensuring that the water is safe for consumption and free from pathogens that could cause disease. Disinfection methods can include the use of chlorine, ozone, ultraviolet (UV) light, and other chemical agents that effectively neutralize or destroy bacteria, viruses, and other harmful organisms present in the water.

While removing sediments, improving taste, and filtration are important components of the overall water treatment process, they do not directly address the primary goal of disinfection, which is to ensure the water is microbiologically safe. Therefore, the focus on killing harmful microorganisms distinguishes disinfection from other treatment processes.