What effect does higher pressure have on reverse osmosis membranes?

Higher pressure on reverse osmosis membranes can lead to increased compaction of the membrane material. Under elevated pressure conditions, the membrane experiences a greater force, which can cause the dense layers of the membrane to compact. This compaction can result in reduced pore size and increased resistance to flow over time, potentially affecting the overall efficiency and lifespan of the membrane. As the membrane becomes more compacted, it can also contribute to fouling and scaling, which may require more frequent maintenance and cleaning to ensure optimal performance.

While higher pressure can improve the flow rate and permeate production initially, the long-term effect of compaction is significant because it directly impacts the membrane's ability to function properly in water treatment applications. Understanding this relationship is crucial for effective management and operation of reverse osmosis systems.