What is typically the percentage of solid material in alum sludge?

The correct answer indicates that the percentage of solid material in alum sludge typically ranges from 0.1% to 2.0%. This range is based on the characteristics of alum sludge produced during water treatment processes, where aluminum sulfate (alum) is used as a coagulating agent to enhance the removal of suspended solids and impurities from water.

Alum sludge is a byproduct that results from the coagulation and flocculation processes. The solids content in this sludge is relatively low compared to some types of sludge generated by other treatment processes. This lower concentration of solid material is important in terms of handling, disposal, and the potential for recovery or reuse of materials.

Understanding the composition of alum sludge helps water treatment operators manage the sludge effectively, optimize treatment processes, and comply with regulatory requirements related to waste management. The other percentage ranges provided do not accurately reflect the typical characteristics seen in alum sludge, which specifically remains within the 0.1% to 2.0% range. This knowledge is essential for those working in the field of water treatment to ensure efficient operations and effective management of byproducts.