Which parameter is critical for assessing the quality of drinking water?

Pathogen content is critical for assessing the quality of drinking water because the presence of pathogens directly relates to public health safety. Pathogens, which include microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, can cause waterborne diseases. Monitoring the pathogen content ensures that the water is safe for consumption and helps in preventing outbreaks of illnesses.

While color and odor may indicate some aspects of water quality, such as aesthetic issues or the presence of certain contaminants, they do not necessarily provide direct information about the health risks posed by water. Color may change due to harmless substances like minerals, and odor can emanate from both safe and hazardous sources. Therefore, the pathogen content is the primary concern when it comes to the safety and acceptability of drinking water.